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Cycle sport
This article is about the sport.
For the bicycle type, see BMX bike .
For other uses, see BMX (disambiguation)
Not to😊 be confused with Cyclo-crossA BMX race.
First round of the 2005 European BMX Championships held in Sainte-Maxime, France, on 23 April😊 2005
Building of a BMX track in 2016 in Ystad, Sweden
BMX, an abbreviation for bicycle motocross or bike motocross, is a😊 cycle sport performed on BMX bikes, either in competitive BMX racing or freestyle BMX, or else in general street or😊 off-road recreation.
History
BMX began during the early 1970s in the United States when children began racing their bicycles on dirt tracks😊 in southern California, inspired by the motocross stars of the time.
The size and availability of the Schwinn Sting-Ray and other😊 wheelie bikes made them the natural bike of choice for these races, since they were easily customized for better handling😊 and performance.
BMX racing was a phenomenon by the mid-1970s.
Children were racing standard road bikes off-road around purpose-built tracks in California.[1]
The😊 motorcycle racing documentary On Any Sunday (1971) is generally credited with inspiring the movement nationally in the United States; its😊 opening scene shows kids riding their Sting-Rays off-road.
By the middle of that decade, the sport achieved critical mass, and manufacturers😊 began creating bicycles designed especially for the sport.
[citation needed]US timelineIn 1974, George E.
Esser founded the National Bicycle League as a😊 non-profit bicycle motocross sanctioning organization.
Before they set up the NBL, Esser and his wife, Mary, sanctioned motorcycle races with the😊 American Motocross Association (AMA).
Their two sons, Greg and Brian, raced motorcycles, but also enjoyed riding and racing BMX with their😊 friends.
It was their sons' interest, and the lack of BMX organizations in the East, which prompted Esser to start the😊 NBL in Florida.[citation needed]
By 1977, the American Bicycle Association (ABA) was organized as a national sanctioning body for the growing😊 sport.[2]
Freestyle BMX is now one of the staple events at the annual Summer X Games Extreme Sports competition and the😊 Etnies Backyard Jam, held primarily on the East and West coasts of the United States.
The popularity of the sport has😊 increased due to its relative ease and availability of places to ride and do tricks.
[citation needed]UK BMX explosion
In the UK,😊 BMX was a craze which took off in the early 1980s, specifically 1982 and 1983, when the BMX bike became😊 the must-have bicycle for children and teenagers.
[citation needed] Previously a small niche area, BMX exploded at this time into the😊 dominant bicycle for the younger rider, with older teenagers and even adults becoming known names through publications like BMX Bi-Weekly,😊 featuring big names like Tim March and Andy Ruffell.
The shift to freestyle from racing came in 1985 with popular styling😊 moving from chrome frames and contrasting components in black blue or red being the norm, to brightly coloured bikes in😊 one colour only, including their magnesium alloy wheels and even matching tyres.
Because BMX exploded into Britain's streets so suddenly, it😊 was perhaps inevitable that it would implode with similar speed, when the children who rode the bikes left school and😊 went to work.
By 1986–1987 sales in the UK had dropped off dramatically, with the new all-terrain bike or mountain bike😊 (another trend from mid-1970s California) taking off, soon to become the most popular adult bicycle.[3][4]
In 1980, the first BMX track😊 in the UK was founded in Landseer Park, Ipswich, by the Ipswich BMX Club, which still provides coaching and races😊 on a regular basis.[5][6]
International development
In April 1981, the International BMX Federation was founded, and the first world championships were held😊 in 1982.
Since January 1993, BMX has been integrated into the Union Cycliste Internationale.[7]
In 2003, the International Olympic Committee made BMX😊 a full medal Olympic sport for the 2008 Summer Olympic Games in Beijing, China, and Māris Štrombergs (male, for Latvia)😊 and Anne-Caroline Chausson (female, for France) became the first Olympic champions.[8][9]
Many talented BMX riders go on to other cycling sports😊 like downhill, including Australian Olympian Jared Graves, Eric Carter and youth BMX racer Aaron Gwin.
Multiple world and Olympic champion track😊 sprinter Chris Hoy also began as a BMX rider.
See alsoNotesReferences
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